Sunday, February 5, 2012

UMIL V RAMOS (1990)


UMIL V RAMOS (1990)
PER CURIAM

·         The main issue in this case is WON the arrests were valid and WON the writ of Habeas Corpus may be granted to the petitioners
·         The court here will decide each case based on the individual attending circumstances of all the accused
·         These are 8 consolidated petitions for habeas corpus because the issues herein are similar

RESPONDENTS
PETITIONERS
The persons sought to be produced were all legally arrested and are detained by virtue of valid informations hence a writ of HC cannot be used to set them free
Informations were null and void
·         Detention is unlawful
·         arrests made with no warrant
·         no preliminary investigations conducted
COURT: arrests are LEGAL, circumstances do not warrant the release through habeas corpus

Warrantless arrests are recognized by law
·         ROC-  Rule 113 - Sec. 5. Arrest without warrantwhen lawful. — A peace officer or a private person may, without a warrant, arrest a person:
(a)     When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit an offense;
xxxxx
·         Evidence shows that persons arrested herein had all freshly committed or were actually committing an offense à arrests justified and that they are detained by virtue of valid informations filed against them in court

UMIL v RAMOS
·         They were arrested in connection with the killing of 2 capcom soldiers
·         Dural was captured and identified 1 day after the incident because he needed medical care
·         FEB 6, 1988 – petition for habeas corpus was filed with the court on behalf of Umil, Dural and Villanueva
·         FEB 26, 1988 – Umil and Villanueva posted bail before RTC Pasay where charges for violation of the Anti-Subversion Act à they were released è HC of Umil and Villanueva = moot and academic
·         Dural was not arrested DURING the shooting nor was he arrested JUST AFTER à arrested a DAY AFTER = seemingly unjustified
o    BUT court said the Dural was arrested for being a member of the NPA an outlawed subversive organization
o    Subversion is a continuing offense = arrest without warrant is justified
·         Furthermore evidence shows that the case against Dural was tried in court wherein they were found GUILTY = now serving sentence = HC no longer available

ROQUE vs. DE VILLA
·         They were found through a snitch (Ramos) who pointed to a certain house occupied by Constantino -  used as a safehouse of the NUFC of the CPP-NPA where Amelia Roque and Wilfredo Buenaobra were apprehended
·         Buenaobra admitted that he was an NPA courier and he had with him letters to Constantino and other members
·         Roque was a member of the National United Front Commission, in charge of finance, and admitted ownership of subversive documents found in the house of her sister in Caloocan City
·         She was also in possession of ammunition and a frag grenade à no permit
·         Roque and Buenaobra were charged with violation of anti-subversion act
·         BUENAOBRA - At the hearing à manifested his desire to stay in Crame = Moot and academic
·         ROQUE’S WARRANTLESS ARREST IS JUSTIFIED  As officers and/or members of the NUFC-CPP, their arrest, without warrant, was justified for the same reasons earlier stated vis-a-vis Rolando Dural à additionally justified as she was, at the time of apprehension, in possession of ammunitions without license to possess them.

Anonuevo vs. Ramos
·         Domingo Anonuevo and Ramon Casiple are admittedly members of the standing committee of the NUFC apprehended in the house of Constatino
o    they had a bag containing subversive materials, and both carried firearms and ammunition (no permit to carry)
o    DURING COURSE OF HOUSE SURVEILANCE à The military agents noticed bulging objects on their waist lines à frisked à  found them to be loaded guns
·         SC says  Anonuevo and Casiple were carrying unlicensed firearms and ammo when arrested à lawful warrantless arrest
·         There is also no merit in the contention that the informations filed against them are null and void for want of a preliminary investigation.
The filing of an information, without a preliminary investigation having been first conducted, is sanctioned by the Rules. Sec. 7, Rule 112 of the ROC                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
·         Anonuevo and Casiple, refused to sign a waiver of the provisions of RPC Art 125 (Delay in delivery of detained persons to the proper judicial authorities)  PETITIONERS DID NOT ASK FOR A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION AFTER INFOS FIELD AGAINST THEM IN COURT

Ocaya vs. Aguirre
·         12 May 1988, agents of the PC Intelligence and Investigation of the Rizal PC-INP Command, armed with a search warrant conducted a search of a house in Marikina occupied by Benito Tiamson, head of the CPP-NPA.
·         During search Ocaya arrived in a car driven by Danny Rivera  Subversive documents and several rounds of ammunition for a .45 cal. pistol were found in the car of Vicky Ocaya à They were brought to the PC Headquarters for investigation.
·         Ocaya could not produce any permit to possess the ammunition à information filed for violation of PD 1866 in RTC Pasig
·         Danny Rivera, on the other hand, was released from custody.
·         SC held that Ocaya was arrested in flagranti delicto so that her arrest without a warrant is justified
·         No preliminary investigation was conducted because she was arrested without a warrant and she refused to waive the provisions of Article 125 RPC

WON EVIDENCE WAS PLANTED? NO.
·         Ocaya, Anonuevo, Casiple and Roque claim that the firearms, ammo and subversive docs were all planted illegal arrest
·         SC says NO EVIDENCE and no attributable evil motive or ill-will on part of arresting officers
·         SOLGEN says arrests were part of in-depth surveillance of NPA safehouses pointed to by former NPA members

NOT DISCUSSED IN CLASS
·         Espiritu vs. Lim (Keywords: Piston officer, subversively sleeping)
·         Nazareno vs. Station Commander (keywords: policemen were killed Sc said obviously the evidence against is obviously strong because an information was filed against the accused)

CONCLUSION
All arrests herein stated were justified warrantless arrests based on the attending circumstances of each case and because there is legal and valid reasons as to why they are arrested and detained the writ of habeas corpus cannot be granted in their favor.
·         GEN RULE: If a person alleged to be restrained of his liberty is in the custody of an officer under process issued by a court judge, and that the court or judge had jurisdiction to issue the process or make the order, of if such person is charged before any court, the writ of habeas corpus will not be allowed.
o    IN THIS CASE: they had jurisdiction because criminal charges were filed against all the accused

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